София, България - Българските неправителствени групи изпратиха днес писмо до Комисаря по околна среда на ЕС Марго Валстрьом, свързано с негативното влияние на проектите от Транс-Европейските Транспортни Мрежи (ТЕТМ) върху биоразнообразието в България. След одобряването на предписанията за ТЕТМ, приоритетни ще бъдат три проекта. Всеки от тях застрашава ценни природни местообитания и групите, включително Екологично сдружение "За Земята", член на Мрежата Bankwatch, настояват за въвеждането на гаранции за опазването на околната среда преди тези проекти да станат реалност в България. Писмото изразява особена загриженост за един проект финансиран от ЕС - автомагистрала, минаваща през региона на Кресненското дефиле, в процес на разработване повече от три години. Дължината на дефилето, което представлява национално богатство, е 17 километра. То е дом за редки видове, защитени от Бернската конвенция и Директивата на ЕС за Хабитатите и Птиците. Въпреки това, стойността на биоразнообразието в него е била пренебрегната от инвеститора на проекта, което нарушава законодателството на ЕС и не се съобразява с предишните препоръки издадени от Комисаря Валстрьом[1]
Наскоро Валстрьом засегна този въпрос, коментирайки по време на една скорошна конференция за биоразнообразие в Мадрид, че "Накратко казано, ние не можем да си позволим да загубим това биоразнообразие". [2]
Анелия Стефанова от За Земята заяви, "Стряскащо е, че проектирането и изпълнението на тези инфраструктурни проекти ще се осъществи без да бъде оценена стойността на биоразнообразието, проблем, който очевидно е от голяма важност за Комисаря Валстрьом"
През Октомври 2003, Европейската Комисия обяви преразглеждане на ТЕТМ, предлагайки нов списък с приоритетни транспортни проекти, които изискват финансиране в Европа, включително и за страните-кандидатки. Ревизираното предложение налага изисквания за стриктно спазване на законите за биоразнообразие на ЕС, но само за проекти, които се осъществяват на територията на страните-членки. Така, при такова странно законодателство от страна на ЕС, няма законови гаранции, че места като Кресненското дефиле няма да бъдат разрушени дори когато става въпрос за пряко финансиране от ЕС.
Ревизираното предложение на ТЕТМ в момента се дискутира в Европейския Парламент като Комисията ще го разглежда в края на месеца.
Магда Стоцкевич от Мрежата Bankwatch заяви, "Комисията трябва да има еднакви съображения за опазването на биоразнообразието в Европа, както за страните - членки, така и за страните - кандидатки. Ако се използват средства от ЕС, Комисията и Европейската Инвестиционна Банка не трябва да одобряват финансиране на проекти, които не спазват Директивите на ЕС за "Хабитатите" и "Птиците".
КОНТАКТИ:
В Брюксел тази седмица:
Анелия Стефанова
За Земята / CEE Bankwatch Network
Моб. телефон: +359 887 854 407
Магда Стоцкевич
CEE Bankwatch Network
Моб. телефон: +31 652 41 03 23
БЕЛЕЖКИ
1. Писмото от НПО до Комисаря Валстрьом може да видите тук:
To: Mrs. Margot Wallstrom
Commissioner, Directorate General for Environment
Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Bruxelles
Copy: the Bureau of the Bern Convention
February 9, 2004
Regarding: Protection of Sites of Community Interest and Special Protection Areas in Bulgaria with regard to the EC proposal for amendments of the Community guidelines on Trans-European Network (Transport)
Dear Mrs. Wallstrom,
We are writing to you regarding the plans for development of the Trans-European Network - Transport (TEN-T). In October 2003 the European Commission (EC) submitted a proposal for amendment of the Community guidelines on TEN-T . We welcome the fact that the proposal explicitly mentioned that the development of the priority projects should happen in accordance with the Directives 85/337/ЕЕС (EIA Directive), 2001/42/ЕС (SEA Directive), 92/43/ЕЕС (Habitats Directive). We hope that the strict appliance of these requirements will ensure the development of projects which will guarantee biodiversity and people's health preservation, alongside the development of transport opportunities.
However, the Proposal imposes the above-mentioned obligations only on EU member states. At the same time the new plans for development of the TEN-T[1] will significantly affect Bulgaria, as witnessed by the proposed priority projects list.
We are greatly concerned that the design and implementation of these infrastructure projects will take place before the establishment of the NATURA 2000 network on the territory of Bulgaria, and prior to the implementation of Directives 79/409/EEC (Birds Directive) and 92/43/EC (Habitats Directive) such as the submitting of a list of proposed Sites of Community Interest (pSCIs) and Special Protection Areas. Both designations must take place prior to the agreed date of accession. At present, there are no binding requirements, neither there is any practice, following the precautionary principle, for potential SCIs and SPAs to be identified and taken into account during the design of development projects. Therefore our organisations are afraid that serious contradictions might occur in the way the European policies are implemented in Bulgaria, and particularly a conflict between the implementation of TEN-T projects and nature conservation.
For example, the projects for construction of a motorway[2] and a second railway road[3] in the region of the Kresna gorge. The Gorge is a reserve area, a CORINE site and Important Bird Area and certainly will become an important part of the NATURA 2000 and EMERALD Networks. However its biodiversity importance has not been taken into consideration by the investor although the project has been under development for three years now with the support of the European Commission. The construction of the motorway has already started in 20-30 kilometre sections in violation of Commissioner Walstrom's requirements for the preparation of a thorough Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the motorway[4] and the necessity of a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).
We, the undersigned NGOs, would like to express our understanding that the preservation of European biodiversity should not be an issue which is dependant on country boundaries. Consequently, the European Commission should demand equal responsibilities and requirements for projects promoted within the framework of the European Union as well as outside of it. To ensure the proper functioning of these responsibilities and requirements, it is necessary that they be legally binding, with the financing coming from the European Council through the European Funds and the European Investment Bank.
We would like to conclude by presenting to you our vision for the implementation of the priority transport projects on the territory of Bulgaria and to ask for your opinion:
1. The proposals for revising the TEN-T should state the same obligations for the candidate countries as for the member countries, especially regarding the Directives 85/337/ЕЕС (EIA Directive), 2001/42/ЕС (SEA Directive), 92/43/ЕЕС (Habitats Directive).
2. A SEA on the transport corridors, containing the priority project from the Proposal on TEN-T, should be carried out in accordance with EU best practices[5] , even though some parts of the corridors have reached an advanced stage of construction.
3. A detailed and thorough EIA procedure should be carried out for the projects included in the Priority proposal, including consideration of all the potential SCI and SPAs. Bearing in mind the precautionary principle, the requirements of art.6 (3) and (4) of Directive 92/43/EEC have to be applied without exeption where SCI is concerned. In such cases the project assessment should be carried out in accordance with the methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting NATURA 2000 sites, European Commission, Environment DG.
4. The projects' development should follow the obligations for preserving the European Wild Flora and Fauna, envisaged in the Bern Convention, as well as the Convention's reccommendations for the particular projects[6].
We, the undersigned NGOs, strongly believe that the European Commission should at all times be mindful of the preservation of the future Natura 2000 sites in our country when considering support for TEN-T projects.
We would very much like to be informed about the concrete measures the European Commission will undertake to ensure preservation of Bulgarian biodiversity as an important part of Europe's natural heritage.
We would like to thank you in advance for your understanding and response.
Yours sincerely
1. Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending the amended proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network (COM(2003) 564 final).
2. Extension of project No 7 along the motorway axis Igoumenitsa/Patra-Athina-Sofia-Budapest, - Sofia-Kulata-Greek/Bulgarian border motorway (2010), with Promahon-Kulata as cross-border section), p. 24 COM(2003) 564 final
3. Project No 22: Railway axis Athina-Sofia-Budapest-Wien-Praha-Nurnberg/Dresden, - Railway line Greek/Bulgarian border-Kulata-Sofia-Vidin/Calafat (2015)), стр. 25 COM(2003) 564 final
4. "following the requirements of the legislation of the European Community, the EIA would have to be carried out for the whole motorway at the same time" Margot Wallstrom to Bulgarian NGOs, 13.09.2001, Brussels, A(01)11217 D(01)1773 D(01)130678
5. Manual on Strategic Environmental Assessment of Transport Infrastructure Plans, European Commission, DGVII Transport
6. The 22nd Standing Committee of the Bern Convention has issued recommendations No 98 (2002) to the Bulgarian Government regarding the construction of the Stuma motorway (project N7) in the region of the Kresna gorge.
2. Цитат от статия в "Гласът на Европа" от 22 Януари, 2004: "Валстрьом: необходими са действия за спасяване на природните местообитания"
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